Judaism - one of the most influential religions which originated in the ancient world
Isaiah - Jewish prophet who revolutionized the outlook of the religion
Hinduism - dominant religion on the Indian subcontinent
Upanishads - sacred texts which further defined Hinduism
Samsara - cycle of rebirth
Jains - sect of Hinduism
Karma - good deeds which helped one attain a better position in the cycle of reincarnation
Gautama - the Buddha, born in India
K'ung Fu'tzu - Confucius, originated dominant philosophy for China
Taoism - Rival Chinese philosophy
Lao-tzu - wrote Tao Te Ching
Legalism - 3rd school of Chinese philosophy
Greek rationalism - philosophical outlook developed in Greece
Great religions have originated in an area bounded by the Mediterranean in the west and the Ganges in the east.
Philosophies in the extreme edges, major religions in the middle.
Many of these philosophies originated around 500 BCE. Commerce was on the rise.
Buddhism migrated to China, then Korea and Japan. Started as a philosophy and changed to a religion.
4 Noble Truths of Buddhism:
- All life is suffering.
- Suffering comes from desiring
- Cessation of desire ends suffering
- The path to this involves 8 elements: right understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration
Democrates - argued that everything was made of invisible particles called atoms
Socrates - interested in ethical and moral issues
Plato - Socrates' pupil
Aristotle - born in 384 BCE, elements were air, fire, water, earth.
Euclid - published elements of geometry
Hippocrates - believed in natural causes for diseases
Process of conversion - 1) through voluntary association 2) political, economic or social pressure 3) assimilation
By 500 BCE, people were trapped inside civilization - religion provided comfort and explanation to those who could no longer escape it
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