Terms
Patent Laws - Protects intellectual property
Turnip Townsend - Nickname of Lord Townsend, improver of agriculture
Coke of Holkham - Improver of agriculture in 18th century
Thomas Savery - Invented steam engine, used for pumping water out of mines
James Watt - Scotsman who perfected modern steam engine, 1769
The Terror - French Revolution - period when guillotine ruled (50,000 people executed)
Jacques Danton - Dynamic, moderate leader of French Revolution
Maximilien Robespierre - Took French Revolution to extremes, headed "committee of public safety"
Napoleon Bonaparte - Consolidated gains of French Revolution and used it for conquest
Nationalism - force of 19th century, resisted internationalism of revolution
John Wilkinson - Great iron master, propelled Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution - started in England in 1760 and spread to other parts of Europe
Expanded the economy while maintaining a hierarchical society (from status/nobility before to wealth/merit based afterwards - occupation prestige)
Cities and literacy were two of the important results.
England - was geographically secure island, in physical position to exploit Atlantic trade routes, had patent laws
Requirements - adequate transportation for goods, commercial climate to market/sell goods, agriculture must support those working in factories instead of fields, creative climate to allow entrepreneurs to flourish
Jethro Tull - invented the seed drill
Rotherham plow - used only two horses and one man
Estuaries were dredged to allow larger ships through
Turnpike act - allowed improvement of roads (tolls)
Postal systems
Canals - 1758 Duke of Bridgewater - canals covered Britain
Railways came along after 1829
Samuel Crompton's mule - combination of water frame and spinning jenny (1779)
First factories created at end of 18th century
Lafayette - Revolutionary leader of France who wanted moderate reforms
1792 - War declared with Austria and Prussia
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