Terms
Tulip Mania - Early 17th century
Putting out System - economic system
Abraham Darby - Englishman who perfected iron smelting with coal
Thirty Years War - early 17th century (Protestants against Catholics)
Water Meadows - improvement allowing greater crop yield
Pogroms - violence against certain minorities (Jews and gypsies)
Protoindustrialization - change in society that directed people toward industrialization
Philip II of Spain - tried to restore old order, maintain Christendom
Poor, Protestant North; Rich, Catholic South
Elizabeth I - ruled England for latter half of 16th century
Big changes in agriculture, mining, and production
Population in Europe doubled from 1500 - 1600
People flocked to the cities, grew from 10% to 25% of total population
New crops in Europe (imported or grown) - sugar, rice, white potato, tobacco, coffee
Leisure was commercialized, books declined in price
Gutenberg's movable type
Peasants ate 3-5 lbs of bread per day
Price of food fell due to more efficient agriculture
Tin, lead, and copper were used extensively
Coal was extenstively mined - shortage of wood in some areas - gunpowder used to move rocks, tracked carts in mines developed
Significant inflation (300-400%)
11 million black Africans brought to America, easily identified, displaced native population
Unfamiliar with land, language and culture
Turned into field hands, recreated ancient agriculture not dependent on machines
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