Monday, December 10, 2007

Lecture 20 - 20th Century

Terms

Appeasement - policy developed in the 1930s to try to diffuse crises using only peaceful means
The Manhattan Project - U.S. project to build atomic bomb during WWII 1942 (Oakridge, TN & Hanford)
Bretton Woods - agreement made at the end of WWII to reorder money supply, effectively made U.S. dollar the world reserve currency
United Nations - created during WWII 1945 and ratified shortly afterwards
Isolationism - movement to keep the U.S. out of world affairs, led to rise of Fascism and Nazism in Europe
Decolonization - 1947 England left India, 48 Burma, Sri Lanka, 1950-1980 all of African gained independence
Mao Tse-tung - Communist revolutionary leader of mainland China
Mikhail Gorbachev - Russian leader who transformed Soviet society in the 1980s
Cultural Revolution - Mao's experiment to reinvigorate and re-revolutionize Chinese society
N.A.T.O. - formed in 1949 by U.S. and European nations to protect them against Communist aggression
Senator Joseph MacCarthy - post-war paranoid of Communism

1937 - Japanese fighting in Shanghai, Manchuria (U.S. protested by eventually cutting off oil supply to Japan)
1938 - England and France tried to placate Hitler (misguided diplomacy)
1938 - Hitler dismembered Czechoslovakia, signed a treaty with Stalin and then attacked Poland
1940 - German broke through French defenses (German tanks had radios)
1940 - Battle of Britain, fought in the air
Winston Churchill led England
1941 - Hitler attacked Russia in the spring, by winter they had enormous supply difficulties, as they were far from home
Dec 7 - Japanese aircraft sank nearly entire Pacific fleet in Pearl Harbor
Jan 3, 1942 - U.S. surprised Japanese fleet on its way to Midway
1942 - German surrender in Stalingrad
Jul 16, 1945 - First test of bomb
Aug 6, 1945 - Hiroshima
Nagasaki 120,000 people killed outright in both attacks
Aug 14, 1945 - Surrender on USS Missouri

1944 - Bretton Woods created the IMF - purpose to avert currency crisis
1945 - Leagues of Nations dissolved, transferred to United Nations
Soviets refused to participate
Berlin blockade, Russians tried to keep resupply trucks out - U.S. organized airlift
May 1949 - Soviets lifted blockade
Apr 1949 - NATO treaty signed
1951 - Germany and France formed Iron and Coal community, evolve into common market

1961 - Julius Nyerere of Tanzania

Cold War - containment of Communism, nuclear arsenal

1952 - U.S. exploded first hydrogen bomb, Russia 1 year later, Britain in 1955

Communists and nationalists fought Chinese civil war, 1949 Mao became chairman

1945 - Korea divided in two
1950 - Communists invaded the south, American troops came to its aid, Japan was primary supply base

Post war was period of fairly rapid economic growth

1948 - Israel created by U.N.

1950s - 60s - Newly Industrials Countries, import substitution (Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong)

Latin American countries such as Mexico and Brazil were not as successful

1960s - American students protests Vietnam war
British - ban the bomb
French students - trying to overthrow government
Concerned about nuclear weapons, technology, environmental problems
Photos of Earth from space
Martin Luther King, Jr., NAACP to protest for freedom
Extrapolitical

African countries had exports that didn't bring in much in the way of earnings, therefore they couldn't get going economically or industrially

China - large population, 1949-1970s under Communist regime, since then has moved toward market economy, has a skilled merchant class which is networked internationally, set up special economic zones, invited foreign investment, allowed businesses to go back into private ownership, large amounts of environment devastation, have not yet privatized inefficient state enterprises

India - followed state led pattern after independence, but remained democracy, tremendous poverty, unbridled population growth, invited foreign investment, invested in education, ethnic tension

1961 - American advisers in Vietnam
1970 - U.S. strategic oil interests in Middle East
1973 - Withdrawal from Vietnam

1965-1976 - Mao tried to create egalitarian society "cultural revolution"

Economic regions -

20th century - greatest rate of inflation ever

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